Reprodutibilidade do volume de membros fetais pela ultrassonografia tridimensional utilizando o método XI VOCAL / Reproducibility of fetal limbs volume by three-dimensional ultrasonography utilizing the XI VOCAL method

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade do volume do braço e coxa fetais aferido pela ultrassonografia tridimensional utilizando o método eXtended Imaging Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (XI VOCAL). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo de reprodutibilidade com 43 fetos normais entre 20 e 37 semanas. Para o cálculo do volume do braço e coxa fetais utilizou-se o método XI VOCAL com delimitação de 10 planos consecutivos. Para o cálculo da variabilidade interobservador, um examinador realizou uma medida do volume do braço e coxa dos 43 fetos, enquanto um segundo examinador, sem o conhecimento prévio dos resultados do primeiro examinador, realizou uma segunda medida dos mesmos volumes. Utilizaram-se, para os cálculos estatísticos, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ricc), gráficos de Bland-Altman e teste t-Student pareado (p). RESULTADOS: Observou-se alta reprodutibilidade interobservador. Para o volume do braço, obtiveram-se ricc = 0,996 (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95 por cento: 0,992; 0,998) e média das diferenças = 0,13 ± 1,29 por cento (95 por cento limites de concordância: -2,54; +2,54 por cento). Para o volume da coxa, obtiveram-se ricc = 0,997 (IC 95 por cento: 0,995; 0,999) e média das diferenças = 0,24 ± 7,60 por cento (95 por cento limites de concordância: -7,6; +7,6 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O volume do braço e coxa fetais aferido pela ultrassonografia tridimensional utilizando o método XI VOCAL apresentou elevada reprodutibilidade interobservador.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of fetal thigh and upper arm volumes measurement by threedimensional ultrasonography utilizing the eXtended Imaging Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (XI VOCAL) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This reproducibility study enrolled 43 pregnant women with healthy singleton pregnancies between 20 and 37 gestational weeks. The XI VOCAL 10 planes was the method utilized for volumetric measurement of the fetal limbs. The calculation of the interobserver reproducibility was based on blind volumetric measurements of fetal thighs and upper-arms performed by two observers in 43 fetuses. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and paired Student's t-test (p) were utilized in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A high interobserver reproducibility was observed. For the upper arm volume ICC was 0.996 (confidence interval [CI] 95 percent: 0.992; 0.998) and mean difference = 0.13 ± 1.29 percent (95 percent limits of agreement: -2.54; +2.54 percent). For the thigh volume, ICC was 0.997 (CI 95 percent: 0.995; 0.999) and mean difference = 0.24 ± 7.60 percent (95 percent limits of agreement: -7.6; +7.6 percent). CONCLUSION: Fetal thigh and upper arm volumes measured by three-dimensional ultrasonography with the XI VOCAL method presented a high interobserver reproducibility.

Effects of strength training and jatamansi on reducing hand tremor amongst archers

To investigate and compare the effects of strength training (Shoulder girdle and respiratory muscles) and drug (Jatamansi) on reducing hand tremor in archers. Randomized experimental, different subject design. Institutional study done at Manipur Archery Association. Thera-band (Hygienic Corporation) and Nardostachys jatamansi (GMP Certified) were used as interventions. Pre & Post Hand Steadiness Score (Arm-Hand-Steadiness Tester on 4 mm hole) and Performance Test Scores (AAPHER Archery Test) was evaluated. 45 National Level Archers within age 16-28yrs were assigned into three groups: Group I (Medicine), Group II (Strength Training) and Group III (Control). Medicine was consumed for 4 weeks continuously 3 gm TDS and Thera-band strength training was given for 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: It was hypothesized that strength training is more effective in reducing hand tremors than medicinal or control groups. Arm-Hand-Steadiness: Numbers of Contact (NOC): On inter Group Comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA, left and right arm showed significant differences (F = 5.64, p<0.05; F = 8.97, p<0.001) respectively and on Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Total Contact Time (TCT): On inter Group comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA, left and right arm showed significant differences (F = 12.50, p<0.001; F = 9.23, p<0.001) respectively and On Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Archery Performance: On inter Group comparison of the three Groups using One Way ANOVA showed significant difference (F = 6.53, p<0.005) and on Post Hoc Scheffe’s analysis, Group II showed maximum improvement. Intervention of strength training and jatamansi may be effective for an archer however, strength training with thera-band and respiratory muscles conditioning intervention in combination increases steadiness and archery performance.

Longitudinal growth of arm circumference in Punjabi infants.

OBJECTIVE:To study distance and velocity growth pattern of mid-upper-arm-circumference in Punjabi infants. DESIGN: Longitudinal, monthly follow up. SETTING: Growth clinic and homes of subjects. SAMPLE: One hundred and fifty four (Male 86, Female 68) Punjabi infants weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth with gestation over 37 weeks. METHODS: Every subject was measured for mid-upper-arm circumference between 1 to 12 months of age at one monthly intervals by the same investigator with a time tolerance of 3 days on the day of measurement. RESULTS: Mid upper arm circumference showed rapid increase between 1 to 6 months whereafter, gain became slower during second half of infancy. It had grown by 34.9% in male and 40.2% in female infants between 1 to 12 months. Sex differences favoring male infants were statistically significant between 1 to 4 months. Monthly growth rates for arm-circumference depicted vascillatory pattern. CONCLUSION: The values presented for arm circumference may be used as reference base to monitor growth of children during infancy.

Distribuciones percentiles para peso, talla, circunferencia cefálica, talla vertex isquión, circunferencia media de brazo y longitud de pie en recién nacidos / Percentiles for weight, height, cephalic, circumference, vertex isquion height, mid-arm circunference and foot lenght in newborns

Para la actualización de la antropometria neonatal en Venezuela se estudió una muestra constituida por 3.165 niños (varones: 1.622; niñas: 1.543) de 36 a 42 semanas de EG, nacidos entre marzo 1993 y agosto de 1994 en el Departamento de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital "Dr. Domingo Luciani" (IVSS). Los valores de media para peso, talla, talla vertex isquion y circunferencia cefálica en niñas: 2.995 ñ417 g, 48.7 ñ1.9 cm, 31.5 ñ 1.5 cm y 33.4 ñ 1.2 cm fueron inferiores, a los del sexo masculino: 3.120 ñ 450 g, 49.6 ñ 2.1 cm, 31.8 ñ 1.6 cm, 34.1 ñ 1.4 cm. Las circunferencias media del brazo. tanto derecho como izquierdo, para ambos sexos, registraron el mismo valor 10.1 ñ 0.8 cm. Las correlaciones entre las variables resultaron estadísticamente significativas (p<0.0001) en ambos sexos; la más alta CBD: CBI (r=0.9736 femenino y r=0.9771 masculino); peso-CBI (r=0.8570 femenino y r=0.8310 masculino). Aunque estos resultados deberán ser validados , su aplicación contribución a un diagnóstico más efectivo del estado nutricional en RN

Exponential model for weight using 'RJ index'.

We screened a sample of 204 children between the age of 3 months to 5 years and 3 months were during a general health survey conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore from March 1992 to December 1993 at Kumpala village under PHC Ullal about 10 kms from Mangalore City. We developed a new index RJ as RJ = Mid upper Arm Circumference x (Height)2 x 10(-4) and tested the correlation of RJ index and weight for age. We found the correlation coefficient (r = 0.8) to be very significant (P < 0.001). Thus we propose the model as Weight = A x exp (RJ x B). We found that the available data fit in this model. We hope that this study will be a new step in looking at arm circumference as a tool in estimating weight of pre-school children.

Perímetros de brazo y de tórax como indicadores del bajo peso de nacimiento / Arm and thorax perimeter as an indicator of low birth weight

Se evalúan los perímetros de brazo (PB) y tórax (PT) como índices de bajo peso de nacimiento (BPN) en un grupo de 317 recién nacidos. Tanto el PT como el PB guardan buena correlación con el BPN (0,88-0,80 respectivamente). En la población estudiada, el punto de corte que permite la detección de niños de BPN, sería menos de 9 cm de PB y menos de 29-30 cm de PT. La aplicación de estos parámetros permitiría la captación oportuna de niños de BPN más expuestos a riesgos de morbimortalidad infantil, en aquellos lugares u ocasiones en que no sea posible pesar al niño al nacer

Características físicas del adulto cubano de zonas urbanas y rurales: circunferencia del brazo, pliegue graso tricipital y subescapular / Physical characteristics of Cuban adults in urban and rural areas: arm circumference, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds

Se presenta los valores percentilares de pliegues grasos tricipital, subescapular y de circunferencia del brazo. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una población adulta entre 20 y 59 años, residente en zonas urbanas y rurales de las 14 provincias de Cuba, integrada por 31 662 individuos, de los cuales 19 750 son mujeres y 11 912 hombres

Comparative evaluation of calf, thigh and arm circumferences in detecting low birth weight infants--Part II.

In an earlier study usefulness and validity of calf circumference in the identification of low birth weight (LBW) infants was reported. To evolve a simple indicator in identifying LBW in community, comparative evaluation of three simple measurements, i.e., circumferences of calf (CC), thigh (TC) and arm (AC) was done with respect to their sensitivity and specificity. Though all the three measurements showed a high degree of correlation with the birth weight, calf circumference tended to be most sensitive in identifying almost 95% of LBW infants. Having established the superiority of CC, a two color tape demarcating LBW zone from normal birth weight using 10 cm CC as cut off point was tested by two independent investigators and two ANMs. It was observed that only 5% of cases were misclassified either as LBW or normal weight by the tape with hardly any inter individual variation. Measurement of calf circumference being simple and easy even in the hands of paramedics, it would be used as indicator of LBW and neonatal mortality in the community.

Usefulness of calf circumference as a measure for screening low birth weight infants.

Usefulness of calf circumference (CC) for screening low birth weight (LBW) was assessed in comparison with other anthropometric measurements, crown heel and crown rump lengths (CHL, CRL), Chest (Ch C), head (HC) and arm (AC) circumferences in 256 infants within 24 hours of birth. Calf circumference showed highest degree of correlation (r = 0.83) with birth weight followed by arm and chest circumference and crown heel length. Step down multiple linear regression analysis of birth weight showed highest R2 value with combination of calf, arm and crown heel length (82.1%). Addition of other measurements did not improve the predictive value of the model. Sensitivity of these parameters in screening LBW infants (less than 2500 g) showed 95.7% critical limit for calf followed by 82.6% with arm circumference and 72.5% with crown heel length. False positive responses were similar (18-20%) with all the three parameters. Calf circumference being highly sensitive and easy to measure, is useful in screening most of the low birth weight infants in the communities where weighing scales are not available or cannot be used by peripheral workers.